Methodology of AAI -Fellinotherapy in institutions and homes
2023-10-10
AAI Methodology -
Feline therapy in institutions and families
Prepared by:
nezávislý chovatelský klub - Independent Breeders Club
Havlíčkova 590/5
293 01 Mladá Boleslav
Content:
The importance of the presence of pets for human health
Division of zootherapy
Pet therapy
Visiting service
The importance of the presence of pets for human health
Man, a creature however unique in the evolution of all animal species, has never ceased to be a part of nature. Animals have an important place in our lives. The role of prey or food has been replaced by the urgent need for a friend who listens and does not judge.
The positive influence of being in the presence of and in contact with an animal is being used therapeutically with proven results. Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) has a tradition of more than forty years in the USA (in the Czech Republic it has existed for more than twenty years). AAI has been at the forefront of the interest of professionals, especially those working in health care, education and social service settings where patients or residents are seniors, people with disabilities, children with combined disabilities or learning problems, as well as healthy children who are at risk of emotional problems or for whom it is important to establish a healthy relationship with animals and nature.
A live animal is often a person's most trusted and sometimes only friend. The relationship between animal and human is always open, honest and without ulterior motives. The need to care for an animal friend creates a necessary sense of neediness for humans and contributes to the creation of motivation for a better quality of life. It enriches the emotional life through the experience of a reciprocal relationship of love. It replaces the often missing family relationships, either in the case of a lack of emotional warmth in families or in the case of real loneliness, for example after the death of a partner.
From the point of view of the Polyvagal Theory of Dr. Steven W. Porges, the relationship between man and animal can induce the neuroception of safety and activation of the ventral vagal pathway and its optimal interaction with the sympathetic, parasympathetic and dorsal vagal pathways depending on the activities performed, which positively affects the function of the brain, heart, lungs and other organs and supports the processes of establishing social relationships and learning. The induction of these positive emotions contributes significantly to the success of other therapies. Zootherapy thus becomes part of a comprehensive treatment.
The importance of tactile stimulation during contact with a live animal in the form of stroking, cuddling or even behavioural stimulation is not negligible. Even the mere sight of happy animals playing or resting peacefully has a calming effect on the one hand, and on the other hand it awakens a person's interest in his surroundings and breaks him out of his usual apathy and disinterest. It has been found that in the presence of friendly animals, blood pressure is lowered and the heart rate slows down. Contact with animals helps to regenerate strength, psychological relaxation and the expression of feelings and induces positive emotions. Animals often revive positive memories of life for the sick or elderly, thus preserving the temporal continuity between past and present. It gives the disabled or ill the opportunity to exercise their skills in caring for the animals, for example by feeding them, providing them with a drink, or just by giving them advice and emotional involvement and interest in the animals' lives.
Scientific studies confirm the fact that the presence of animals has a positive effect on the staff of facilities for the elderly, the long-term sick or cancer patients. The presence of animals helps to prevent the emotional exhaustion of healthcare workers ('burnout syndrome') when constantly confronted with illness and death. The animal has the role of a catalyst for interpersonal relationships.
AAI distribution
Zootherapy can be divided into two basic areas of activity - animal-assisted therapy and animal-assisted therapy:
AAT (Animal Assisted Therapy) - therapy in the presence of an animal, where the animal is an integral part of the therapeutic process. The therapy is carried out by professional staff with the help of a selected animal. The result is objectively observable (e.g. provoking movement, increasing vocabulary, etc.). The activity is documented and continuously evaluated, recorded in the patient/client chart.
AAA (Animal Assistend Activites) -activity in the presence of an animal
Passive form: for example, placing an aquarium or a cage with a bird in a common room where this presence creates a pleasant environment. The positive role is already in the presence of the animal.
The interactive form, which can be further divided into:
Permanent placement of the animal in the facility. However, it raises problems with the care of the animal, with the animal having one owner, one relational person with whom it establishes a strong relationship of trust, etc.
Visiting, where the animal comes to the facility on a specific day and time. Here, there is a strong emphasis on good cooperation and communication between the staff, the visiting team and the clients.
Felinotherapy
This is supportive therapy or activation in the presence of carefully selected and trained therapy cats aimed at managing somatic and psychological disorders.
Trial rules for the Visiting (therapy) service with the assistance of cats
It was developed by the Independent Breeders' Club in Mladá Boleslav in 2002 and is still being supplemented on the basis of experience in the Visiting Service and its modifications.
The inclusion of cats, as well as many other species of animals, in assistance and therapy programmes has undergone major changes. Whereas in the 1970s, these programs in the U.S.A.-especially those visiting nursing homes and long-term care facilities-worked with animals from shelters, the 1980s somewhat dampened the initial enthusiasm for the inclusion of these animals. In particular, there were concerns about the safety of the clients, both in terms of possible injuries caused by the animals and the possibility of introducing infections and parasites. On the other hand, shelter workers pointed out that, especially for young animals, these visits can cause such severe trauma that it is then difficult to offer them for adoption. As a result of these concerns, risk management emerged in the targeted facilities and ways were sought to best test the animals worked with in the area.
By the 1990s, this management was also gradually beginning to place more emphasis on animal welfare and health and on the role of the handler - that is, the person who forms an assistive or therapeutic team with the animal.
In 1996, the Delta Society (now Pet Partners) published Standards of Practice for AAT and AAA. These standards already defined the role of the handler and the animal in these activities, but were still primarily focused on mitigating concerns about potential risks to clients.
In the Czech Republic, we first encountered the term "felinotherapy" in 2002. The Independent Kennel Club (NCHK) was the first organisation to work with cats during visits to target facilities. In the same year, the Rules of Practice were developed, followed a year later by the Standards of Practice and Methodology. Organized felinotherapy in NCHK is based on the veterinary conditions given by the exhibition and breeding rules of the organization. The NCHK methodology is based on Child-Centered Play Therapy, Animal Assisted Play Therapy and Polyvagal Theory.
To assess the appropriateness of incorporating a cat into the therapy/assistance team, the model that worked best was one in which a prospective felinotherapy client attended joint meetings with a handler who had been working at the facility for a long time. Then they could consider for themselves whether this was an activity they really wanted to pursue. Then the ability and suitability of the cat to take part in the visits was assessed (excellent socialisation, joy of touch, open body language, fearlessness and curiosity, spontaneity, playfulness, socialising, veterinary requirements, etc.).
We are currently in the process of integrating a new handler/forming a new team and testing the suitability of incorporating cats into the AAI process in this way :
the interested person makes contact with NCHK and a few first information meetings (in person or online) are held to determine the motivation of the interested person to work in AAI, education, age (over 18 years old), communication skills, criminal record (a current criminal record statement must be sent), possible handicaps, other questions directed to the cat, the way it is kept, character traits, etc.
The interested person will attend the course Theory of Felinotherapy I and Felinotherapy - Training
The cat is examined by a veterinarian who issues a certificate of its eligibility to participate in AAI at the institution. Regular annual vaccinations are required according to the vaccination schedule depending on the current veterinary regulations (parvovirus, calicivirus, herpesvirus), possibly chlamydia, rabies (at the time of the revision of the Methodology in 2023, rabies does not occur in the Czech Republic and vaccination is not mandatory) and others. The following is also required:
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regular deworming 2 - 4 times a year depending on the feeding method,
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the use of anti-parasitic products if the cat may encounter other animals in the facility or may move around the facility's garden
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genetic tests for breeds with a higher incidence of hereditary diseases (PKD for all breeds, HCM for ragdolls, Maine Coon), or sonographic examination as recommended by a veterinarian if genetic tests are not available (HCM for other breeds)
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videotaping of the cat's daily life in order to assess the cat's husbandry and care (no inclusion of animals with free, uncontrolled outdoor exercise)
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video recording of basic training elements : handling the cat, touching different parts of the body, clicker training and use of different training elements, enrichment, putting on and taking off the harness, clipping claws, getting in and out of the carrier or stroller, interaction with familiar and unfamiliar people in the home environment, travelling, etc.
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The owner completes the Fe-BARQ test form for the cat at the University of Pennsylvania Fe-BARQ: Feline Behavioral Assessment & Research Questionnaire (upenn.edu) . This test serves as a basic screening test and is repeated annually or whenever necessary (emotional problems, trauma, surgery, illness, etc.).
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The result of the test, the interview with the candidate, the test results from the above courses and, the recordings of the above videos are then discussed in a face-to-face or online meeting attended by already active handlers and those interested in felinotherapy.